Phrase

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Phrase
Kategori: Grammar - Dibaca: 1909 kali

Phrase adalah rangkaian kata yang sudah mengandung suatu pengertian atau satu kesatuan makna, tetapi tidak mempunyai subject dan predicate dan merupakan bagian dari suatu kalimat. Apabila kata-kata dalam phrase tersebut kita pisah, maka mempunyai makna yang berbeda apabila kata-kata tersebut disatukan.

Contoh:

The girl at the door is my sister.
The book on the table is mine.
The man with the red hat is my teacher.
The boys in the street are students.

Berdasarkan penggunaannya Phrase dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 3 macam, yaitu:

Noun Phrase.
Adjective Phrase.
Adverbial Phrase.

1. Noun Phrase

Adalah phrase yang digunakan/berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda).

Contoh:

Ali went to the store for some books.
My new car near the tree is old enough.
The desk in this room is small.

2. Adjective Phrase

Adalah phrase yang digunakan/berfungsi sebagai adjective, mem�beri sifat kepada noun atau pronoun.

Contoh:

Books in black and red were the clerk's delight.
The girl with long hair is my friend.

3. Adverbial Phrase

Adalah phrase yang digunakan/berfungsi sebagai adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.

Contoh:

He shouted on house top.
Henry fishes in the big lake.
He put the money into his pocket.

Adverbial Phrase dapat juga digunakan untuk menyatakan (mengekspresikan) beberapa hubungan; seperti mengekspresikan hubungan waktu (expressing a relation of time), place (tempat), manner (cara), degree (tingkat/derajat), cause (sebab akibat), purpose (tujuan/maksud), condition (syarat), atau concession or contrast (pertentangan).

Perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimat berikut ini:

1. Menunjukkan Hubungan Waktu.

She has been ill since two days ago,
We have been studying English for three years.

2. Menunjukkan Hubungan Tempat.

I live near the school.
He hurried into the classroom.
The children's toys were all over the room.

3. Menunjukkan Hubungan Cara.

He cut it with a knife.
She writes an angry letter in red ink.

4. Menunjukkan Hubungan Tingkat.

I love her very much.
You must study English more diligently.

5. Menunjukkan Hubungan Sebab Akibat.

She was injured because of the bus accident.
I was late because of the rain.
Your father is very angry with you for staying out so late.

6. Menunjukkan Hubungan Tujuan.

She has come to tell you the latest news.
I leave for Jakarta to buy some books.

7. Menunjukkan Hubungan Pertentangan.

In spite of the rain he went out.
Regardless of the weather she always brings an umbrella.

8. Menunjukkan Hubungan Syarat.

We'll go if necessary.

Berdasarkan kata-kata pendahuluannya (introductory words or pivot word) phrase dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 macam, yaitu:

Prepositional Phrase.
Principal Phrase.
Infinitive Phrase.
Gerund Phrase.

1. Prepositional Phrase

Adalah ungkapan yang mengandung prepos'isi (kata depan); dan biasanya dapat dipakai/berfungsi sebagai Noun, Adjective atau. Adverb. Contoh:

The report will be sent in a few days.
He is sometimes angry with his wife.
I'm sorry for having come late.
The traffic sign points to the left.

2. Principial Phrase

Adalah ungkapan yang mengandung participle yang biasanya berfungsi sebagai adjective.

Not knowing anyone in town he felt very lonesome.
Having finished his assignment, he went home.
Having lost all my money, I went home.
Student arriving late will not be permitted to enter the lecture hall. (Arriving late menjelaskan student.)
We heard the children crying.

Arti atau pengertian dari kalimat yang mengandung Participial Phrase dapat menun�jukkan:

1. Waktu

a. After (sesudah)

Having finished all the work, she went home. (Setelah dia menyelesaikan semua pekerjaan, dia pulang.)

b. While or When ( = ketika)

Walking along the street, I met a friend whom I had not seen for along time. (Ketika saya berjalan sepanjang jalan, saya bertemu teman yang telah lama saya tidak berjumpa.)

2. Sebab Akibat

Having worked hard all his life, he decided to take a long vacation. (Karena dia telah bekerja keras sepanjang hidupnya, maka dia memutuskan untuk mengambil liburan panjang)

Tetapi kadang-kadang dapat juga menunjukkan pengertian waktu dan sebab bersama�sama.

Having eaten too much, he became sleepy. (Karena dia makan terlalu banyak, dia jadi mengantuk)

Perhatikan beberapa contoh berikut:

Needing some money to buy a book, Ali cashed a check. (= Because he needed some money to buy a book, Ali chased a check.)Being unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle. Unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle. (= Because she was unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle.)

3. Infinitive Phrase

Adalah ungkapan yang mengandung infinitive dan infinitive phrase dapat digunakan/berfungsi sebagai Noun, Adjective atau Adverb.

a. Infinitive phrase sebagai Noun

To read books means to enlarge one's horizons.
To see his children again will make him happy.
To learn English, you must practice everyday.
To ask more money would be wrong.
To do that is difficult for me.

b. Infinitive phrase sebagai Adjective

He wanted books to juggle acrobatically.
The poison was strong enough to have killed ten people.
He is a good man for you to know.

c. Infinitive phrase sebagai Adverb

He read to enlarge his horizons.
He has been warned not to do that again.
I had hoped to see her soon.

4. Gerund Phrase

Adalah ungkapan yang mengandung gerund, dan biasanya hanya ber�fungsi sebagai Noun.

Reading books enlarge one's horizons.
Playing with guns is dangerous.
Taking a long walk every day is good exercise.
Her cleaning the house every day is not necessary.
The broadcasting by that station comes from the top of a skyscraper.

Appositive Phrase

Sebagai pelengkap pembahasan tentang Phrases, berikut ini diuraikan jenis phrases lain yaitu: Appositive Phrases, yang sangat besar peranannya dalam penyusunan kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris.

Appositive Phrases yaitu sekelompok kata yang berfungsi memberi keterangan tambahan kepada subjek atau objek.

Appositive Phrases dapat berupa noun, adjective, adverb, atau prepositional phrases.

Noun: He had asked Mr. Wilson, a prominent lawyer, to represent him in court.
Adjective: The professor, unaware that many of his students were asleep, went right on lecturing.
Adverb: The gentleman over there by the door is our accountant.
Prepositional phrase: Mr. Harris, in a hurry to get home, a took a taxi from the airport.

Susunan Kalimat dengan Appositive Phrases

1. Perubahan Adjective Clause menjadi Appositive Phrase

Adjective clauses yang mengandung bentuk Be dapat disingkat menjadi Appositive Phrase dengan hanya mempertahankan pelengkap (complement) sesudah Be (noun, adjective, adverb atau preposition at phrases).

The young man, who is now a lawyer in a large firm, has lost much of his old ambition. Menjadi: The young man, now a lawyer in a large firm, has lost mush of his old ambition.
The person who is responsible for the damage will have to pay for it. Menjadi: The person responsible for the damage will have to pay for it.

2. Letak Appositive Phrase dalam Kalimat

Letak Appositive Phrase yang paling umum adalah sesudah noun yang diterangkan olehnya, dan terletak di antara dua tanda koma.

His uncle, a proud and unbending man, refused all help that was offered him.
Ahmad, eager to get ahead in his career, worked hard day and night.
The man, aware that he had mad a mistake, tried to correct it.
The high-powered computer machine, the most powerful of its type, was finally readied for use.

Namun Appositive Phrase yang mengacu (menerangkan) subjek dari main verb dapat pula diletakkan di awal kalimat atau di akhir kalimat.

Di Awal Kalimat

A proud and unbending man, his uncle refused all help that was offered him.
Eager to get ahead in his career, Charles worked hard day and night. (Pada posisi seperti ini, appositive phrase sering mengekspresikan sebab akibat, kadang-kadang kelonggaran.)

Di Akhir Kalimat

His uncle refused all help that was offered him, a proud and unbending man.
Charles worked hard day and night, eager to get ahead in his career.

TULISAN LAINNYA:

23 Komentar :

adi
12 Januari 2010 - 07:37:17 WIB

apakah ada kaidah/tata cara dalam menggunakan like, prefer,would rather? atau ketiganya boleh dipakai tanpa ada ketentuan khusus. misal like harus diikuti past tense atau sebagainya

Ismail
15 Januari 2010 - 08:12:46 WIB

Mas Adi, Apa yang mas Adi ingin tahu kita bahas pada Topik "Preference". Terima kasih

boyZ SEDAU
18 Januari 2010 - 06:15:56 WIB

tolong tampilkan present perfect tense dengan contoh yang banyak dan yang baru

syahrul
22 Januari 2010 - 23:02:49 WIB

Present Continuous Tense

maul
16 April 2010 - 18:55:07 WIB

apa perbedaan penggunaan had better would rather

panca ade ramadhani
04 Mei 2010 - 22:51:29 WIB

okelah sipp aQ iSo bElajar,,,,,

Anis
04 Mei 2010 - 22:55:01 WIB

Trimakasih lho, atas materinya....
Saya jadi bisa tau tentang preferences.....

tha-tha
04 Mei 2010 - 23:05:49 WIB

othe-othe...
i like this...
atu bisa belajar...

nissa_ssy_cuubby
04 Mei 2010 - 23:10:11 WIB

ciip deecH.......................

Ismail
06 Mei 2010 - 06:37:34 WIB

OK. Terima kasih atas kunjungan Anda ke situs ini. Semoga bermanfaat buat Anda. Kemudian jangan bosan untuk sampaikan ide dan kritik yang membangun untuk kemajuan situs ini ke depan

opi
07 Mei 2010 - 23:40:39 WIB

tolong lampirin penutup untuk preference!

Sulaiman Angkasa
19 Mei 2010 - 12:10:21 WIB

Gimana cara buat ke negatif dan interrogativenya.......

alfian
30 Mei 2010 - 08:28:14 WIB

terma kasi h kepada semua

Ismail Midi
11 Juni 2010 - 08:03:17 WIB

Mas Sulaiman, bentuk negative dan interrogative yang mana ya? Soalnya, kolom komentar ini bercampur aduk dengan materi lainnya.

Niar
13 Juni 2010 - 00:09:36 WIB

Tlog d0nk jelaskn lbih detail ttg frasa preposisional dengan contoh nya.lbh ok jka d krm lgsg ke email q. .

redy
13 Juni 2010 - 07:35:01 WIB

tlong d jelasin

abi
10 Juli 2010 - 19:55:02 WIB

tolong jelaskan tentang syarat tata letak phrase di dalam sentence tau clause dung!!!! please................

bambang
21 Juli 2010 - 02:54:19 WIB

apa dalam present perfect continuous tense tidak ada bentuk negativ atau kalimat tanya

Ismail
21 Juli 2010 - 11:07:04 WIB

Mas Bambang, semua Tenses ada bentuk Negative dan Interrogativenya. Mas Bambang tinggal tambahkan "Not" setelah has atau have.

desman
30 Juli 2010 - 07:30:00 WIB

harus'ya cnth d'terjemakan agar dapat d'mengerti terima kasih

Ganesha
02 Agustus 2010 - 05:08:33 WIB

Boleh nggak Question Tagnya di bedain, antara SPT(Simple Present Tense), PCT(Present Continous Tense), dan PPT(Present Perfect Tense)? Biar aku bacanya nggak bingung, om

Alya Syifa Desyanti
21 Agustus 2010 - 15:29:57 WIB

Tanx for info......

dian
21 Agustus 2010 - 23:32:48 WIB

verb phrase itu sama dgn adverbial phrase ya?

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